I learned a few things about JavaScript on OpenClassrooms (taking Apprenez à programmer avec JavaScript & Écrivez du JavaScript pour le web courses). I didn't know it then but I was actually looking for DOM manipulation for my Qwixx project. Anyway, I'm refreshing my newbie knowledge by taking FreeCodeCamp JavaScript Algorithms and Data Structures course and here is a recap about arrays.
An array can store multiple pieces of data in a single variable. Each entry is separated by a comma and nested into square brackets. Just like this:
const SANDWICH = ["peanut butter", 1, true, ["bakery", "home-made"]];
An array containing another array is also called a multi-dimensional array. An array can also contain objects.
| "peanut butter" | 1 | true | ["bakery", "home-made"] |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Arrays use zero-based indexing, so the first element in an array has an index of 0. Use square bracket notation to get the data associated to the index. For instance:
console.log(SANDWICH[0]);
const EATEN = SANDWICH[1];
console.log(EATEN);
will print "peanut butter" string and 1 number.
Note that additional pair of brackets refers to the next level of entries inside.
const BOUGHT_IN = SANDWICH[3][0];
console.log(BOUGHT_IN);
will print "bakery".
Use indexOf() method. It returns -1 if the item is not found. For instance:
SANDWICH.indexOf('peanut butter'); // returns 0
SANDWICH.indexOf('butter'); // returns -1
Use spread operator (...). For instance (from FreeCodeCamp):
const arr = [6, 89, 3, 45];
const maximus = Math.max(...arr); // maximus has the value of 89
Use a for loop. It looks like this:
let array = [1, 2, 3]
for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
console.log(array[i])
} // logs 1, 2, 3, each on its own line
Even if an array is defined as a const its entries are mutable. From our example,
SANDWICH[0] = "houmus";
SANDWICH now has the value
["houmus", 1, true, ["bakery", "home-made"]];
Use push() method. It takes one or more parameters and "pushes" them onto the end of an array. For instance:
const arr = [1, 2, 3];
arr.push(4);
arr now has the value [1, 2, 3, 4]
Use unshift() method. For instance:
const arr = [1, 2, 3];
arr.unshift(0);
arr now has the value [0, 1, 2, 3]
Use splice() method.
First argument: the index at which to begin deleting elements
Second argument (optional): the number of elements to be deleted
Third argument (optional): items to insert starting at that same index, searated by a comma
For instance (example from FreeCodeCamp):
const numbers = [10, 11, 12, 12, 15];
const startIndex = 3;
const amountToDelete = 1;
numbers.splice(startIndex, amountToDelete, 13, 14);
console.log(numbers); // returns [ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]
User spread operator (...). For instance (example from FreeCodeCamp):
let arrayToAppend = ['sage', 'rosemary', 'parsley', 'thyme'];
let mainArray = ['basil', 'cilantro', ...arrayToAppend, 'coriander'];
mainArray now has the value ['basil', 'cilantro', 'sage', 'rosemary', 'parsley', 'thyme', 'coriander']
Use pop() method. For instance:
const arr = [1, 2, 3];
arr.pop();
arr now has the value [1, 2]
Use shift() method. For instance:
const arr = [1, 2, 3];
arr.shift();
arr now has the value [2, 3]
Note: removed data can be returned if assigned to a variable. For instance:
const arr = [1, 2, 3];
let removedNumber = arr.pop();
let one = arr.shift();
removedNumber has the number 3 as a value and one, 1
You can also use splice() method!
First argument: the index at which to begin deleting elements
Second argument (optional): the number of elements to be deleted
For instance (from FreeCodeCamp):
let array = ['today', 'was', 'not', 'so', 'great'];
array.splice(2, 2); // array now has the value ['today', 'was', 'great']
Here we remove 2 elements, beginning with the third element (at index 2). array would have the value
Note: removed data can be returned if assigned to a variable.
I realized it was not working like classic variables like these:
let a = "first variable"; // a contains "first variable" string
let b = a; // a and b contain "first variable" string
b = "second variable"; // a contains "first variable" and b "second variable" string
let array1 = [1, 2, 3]; // array1 contains [1, 2, 3] array
let array2 = array1; // array1 and array2 contain [1, 2, 3] array
array2.unshift(0); // array1 and array2 contain [0, 1, 2, 3] array
Here, array2 behaves just like another pointer to the same object. Modifying array2 will modify array1 and inversely. So how can we copy an array? Here are several methods:
For instance:
let originalArray = ['great', 'awesome', 'super', 'wonderful'];
let copiedArray = [...originalArray];
originalArray remains unchanged and copiedArray has the same elements as originalArray.
With slice() method, we can copy or extract a given number of elements to a new array, leaving the original array unchanged. It takes 2 parameters:
First argument: the index at which to begin extraction
Second argument (optional): the index at which to stop extraction (not included)
For instance (example from FreeCodeCamp):
let weatherConditions = ['rain', 'snow', 'sleet', 'hail', 'clear'];
let todaysWeather = weatherConditions.slice(1, 3); // todaysWeather is ['snow', 'sleet']
some() methods accepts a callback function which should take an element of the array as the argument. It will will return true if the callback function returns true for at least one element in the array.